Pulseaudio vs jack latency pulse/daemon. « Vastaus #2 : 27. The idea would be to explain how to set up PulseAudio for live noise-reduction using an LADSPA filter and this Copr redpository. With that you can route audio as you want. If that doesn't suit you, our users have ranked more than 25 alternatives to VB-Audio VoiceMeeter and four of them are open source and available for Windows so hopefully you can find a suitable Jack; Designed as a professional audio server for Linux, it offers low-latency audio processing and precise control over audio inputs and outputs, making it suitable for professional audio work. 1. Currently those are served by PulseAudio and Jack, so it's very exciting to have a single service that can cover both use cases. Here are my thoughts on this because this is an approach to solve it which was not yet listed on this forum. One of the easiest ways to leverage the JACK support is by using PipeWire, which emulates JACK. Cheers! Big pro is, you dont need install pulseaudio anymore. PulseAudio. But In order to have two outputs, the audio server needs to keep a very consistent latency on both, otherwise, the tiniest difference makes the experience horrible. PulseAudio can be hooked up to a JACK Audio Connection Kit server which is a specialized sound server used for professional audio production on Unix/Linux. So, Is PulseAudio and PulseEffects going to be a good replacement for JACK? Well, this whole PulseAudio and PulseEffects PulseAudio uses two threads for a JACK source or sink: one realtime thread for the JACK event loop, and another for the PulseAudio one. that's pretty much all of them. , p – 14:50) Első új hozzászólás. Pipewire is indeed a pulseaudio replacement, but it also wants to be a jack replacement. . On gentoo i was able to simply replace jack, in steam or lutris i had playback without any PulseAudio was most commonly tool used for that purpose, but it is not very good for professional audio (that's what JACK is for). It's working, yeah! But, I can feel the latency. The desired latency due to local buffering JACK Connectivity Modules. It is however much more efficient and runs the complete PipeWire graph as a synchronous JACK client with no added End-users like PulseAudio because it provides a nice user experience but unlike CoreAudio or JACK, it provides crappy latency — because as far as I can tell, the PulseAudio team never focused on latency as a core requirement. There are many alternatives to VB-Audio VoiceMeeter for Windows if you are looking for a replacement. Simplified setup: Unlike traditional JACK configurations, PipeWire works out-of-the-box for most users. Page 1 of 2 1 2 Last. 01. Once you do this, things are extremely smooth and provide some of the best latency stats of any DAW. I'm sure you all have heard this before, but how can I further reduce my latency between my TD-17KVX and SD3? Vs: Pulseaudio vs Jack. In fact Pipewire (minus bugs and TODOs) is JACK ABI and API compatible. To give you an idea, CoreAudio can easily work with latency/ buffer sizes of 2ms or less. PipeWire can run a PulseAudio compatible I did it. com> wrote:--snip--This is true. And with better results. Jack can play the captured audio (just connect the input ports to the output ports), ALSA vs PulseAudio - Latency Concerns. 与 PulseAudio 和 JACK API 兼容。 So, it would depend on to what latency they were configured for. この特定の設定は、PulseAudio を JACK で排他的に使用するためのものですが、スクリプトを変更して、代替の JACK 設定をアンロードおよびロードすることはできますが、プログラムが PulseAudio を使用している間に PulseAudio を強制終了および開始すると、問題が発生する可能性があります。 It provides a low-latency, graph based processing engine on top of audio and video devices that can be used to support the use cases currently handled by both pulseaudio and JACK. If that doesn't suit you, our users have ranked more than 25 alternatives to VB-Audio VoiceMeeter and nine of them are free and available for Windows so hopefully you can I've found this guide from Ubuntu. How does JACK compare to aRts was not designed from the ground up with low-latency in mind. If you have a not that powerful system you could decrease the sample rate, Linux Audio für Profis: Welche Schnittstelle ist die richtige für mich? Dank JACK ist es möglich, Audio professionell mit Linux in nahezu-Echtzeit zu verarbeiten. It taught me to compare the output of amixer -c0 contents when something is plugged into the jack, vs when nothing is plugged in; and to do the same for pacmd list-cards. ALSA ist mit einem einzigen, nutzbaren Gerät ist für viele Anwendungsgebiete zu beschränkt. Advanced settings requires manual installation of low latency kernel, and changing pulse settings via terminal. type over it you can have pulseaudio for serving non latency critical, normal end-used programs for musicians who need lower latency there is jack. Note: aRts is not really used anymore by any Linux systems. 9. PipeWire is ment to replace both PA and JACK, while maintaining compatibility with other programs. Capture and playback of audio and video with minimal latency. Van pl. Setting up PulseAudio provides this functionality among others. Summarized: ALSA - dealing with the hardware, basically owning it. I assume this is because the system does not know for sure whether the device I plugged in includes a microphone or whether it's just a speaker (because of the combo jack). Cadence and other JACK GUI applications are known to write values to ~/. Hello there! I’m quite new to Renoise and joined recently. After doing all that, my latency went from more than 85ms down to just 2. As JACK version 1 is planned to be "slowly phased out" [2] , doesn't support Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) , lacks D-Bus and Systemd integration you'd want to use version 2 ALSA vs. Remove those alongside PulseAudio, if you're not intending to use Professional audio/Examples#PulseAudio+JACK in order to make PulseAudio release your audio device. However the ALSA API is extensive, and includes support for performance-enhancing Troubleshooting JACK and PulseAudio $ pactl load-module module-jack-sink channels=2 Failure: Module initalization failed. Software Framework; Free • Open SourceLinux; Linux Mobile; License model. Audio latency, quality and configuration flexibility is nowhere near what can be achieved with Jack. Designed with containerized applications in mind, PipeWire aims to be a core building block for future Linux application development, together with Wayland and Flatpak. No latency at all, great audio quality, great control over all my audio stack. Previously pulseaudio was hard to avoid, but NOW i can hope we will forget what pulseaudio was. Also, JACK should be lower (just above ALSA) because of the IRQ scheduling (provided the Pro Audio profile is being used). If I'm just watching a movie, it's okay-ish, but if I'm doing anything more resource-heavy, the latency on both outputs will differ very fast. Qjackctl was used to launch jackdbus and Carla hosted a few plugins and provided graph editing. Even the sound worked, almost, the latency problem remains the same. For multiple users with individual soundcards, Advanced tweaking lets you customize at extremes like 10 microsecond latency; So download those PulseAudio packages today and tap into professional grade desktop audio on Arch! Silencing ALSA limitations once and for all. PipeWire has a great bluetooth support: because Pulseaudio was reported to have troubles with bluetooth, PipeWire can be a good alternative. config/jack/conf. Seamless support for PulseAudio, JACK, ALSA and GStreamer applications This is not true for Pulseaudio despite whether "--system" is provided. It might be easiest to describe things in terms of lineage; For pipewire:" PipeWire is a new low-level multimedia framework. 10mS latency might be possible in JACK, but even that might be difficult for the onboard audio (Realtek ALC887) and latency would still increase when DSP effects are added to the audio chain audio. ALSA, pulseaudio, and pipewire-pulse do. Back to the Top. Pulseaudio clients use extra buffering in the pipewire-pulse server and so is not directly influences by the graph buffer size. 71 improves Jack performance considerably. 1 ALSA vs PipeWire vs PulseAudio vs JACK ALSA is the kernel-level driver system. Only few music production applications expect to have JACK running, which can be done in parallel to PulseAudio. egy nagyon jól kezelhető patch-bay funkciója is. PipeWire is a new low-level multimedia framework. It seems like the latest Pipewire 0. Most PipeWire and JACK clients will directly be influenced by this value. First, you must make sure your distro's QEMU is built with JACK support: On Debian, this is not the case until QEMU 6. No difference in channel counts. Pulseaudio is the default audio system on Ubuntu and is widely available on Unix. A link would suffice. Pipewire can mimick jack API. There is a jack-similar server behind the scenes that is theoretically capable of running with low-latency, as does JACK. Set PulseAudio clients Latency. Capture/Record Audio in Linux for Milliseconds. Before PulseAudio, esound was a very popular one but had many problems, eventually it was succeeded by PulseAudio. In this video, I explain how audio and sound works on Linux based comptuers and systems. A jack output element could be written for aRts, though, as far as I can tell. The projects (ALSA, OSS, ESD, aRts, JACK, and GStreamer, to name a few) all describe themselves in broad, similar terms, and the panoply of packages reads like a circular mix-and-match game — alsaplayer-esd, libesd-alsa, alsa-oss, They have (erroneously, in my opinion) gone with pulseaudio to do so. It seems lot’s - I mean LOOOOTS - of people are having issues with Pulseaudio vs Jack. I need low latency audio and I used to need jack2, but lately, If you want both to play along, see: PulseAudio/Examples#PulseAudio through JACK. That is what pulseaudio does for desktop usage, and jack, does it for more professional audio use. Try renaming this file and running the pactl command again. By default Cadence will start the PulseAudio->Jack bridge, but since I killed PA I just disable that. Ha studiózol rájössz hogy nem csak a low latency miatt jó a JACK. 09 - klo:18. I My previous setup involved using pulseaudio server with jack. I can write that article. Not a fault, but a design decision. So if I replace PulseAudio with JACK, that might be more stable. Application/Desktop integration JACK Audio Connection Kit is described as 'JACK is a professional sound server daemon that provides real-time low latency connections for both audio and MIDI data between applications that implement its API. Thanks. JACK isn't lower latency than ALSA, it's just lower latency than Pulse. Also, not to confuse ALSA and OSS (sound APIs) with PulseAudio and Jack (sound servers). JACK's development is very focused on low latency, real-time audio and is critical for such people. 0. Whenever you connect and notice the lag, you should press the keyboard shortcut chosen above to attempt to fix the latency -- hopefully it works for you! We support JACK as a driver (with jackdbus), which gives the PipeWire graph the same low-latency as JACK. 12 Pilares De Jim Rohn Audio. That said, the choice between jack and jack2 is obvious, jack was developed for uni-processor machines and is now in maintenance only mode. Pulseaudio can be configured to use jack as its bedrock, instead of alsa. But it still works fine and is the preferred choice for such machines. I'd try these two first. It provides a low-latency, graph based processing engine on top of audio and video devices that can be used to support the use cases currently handled by both PulseAudio and JACK. So under the hood, you are Pulseaudio and Jack have been replaced by Pipewire, which acts as a unified solution for both professional audio and regular audio, Ever since version 1. Jack has lower latency. You can use PA and JACK at the same time, but bridging tham can be painful to setup. As I understood it, the PRIMARY motivation behind Jack was the minimal latency. xml. Flexibility: There is a very tiny decrease in CPU load from using ALSA directly (no context switching between the JACK server and clients). PulseAudio should potentially be the JACK is a more specialized sound server designed for audio production due to it being designed with low latency in mind As for Pipewire, it's not just a sound server, it's a multimedia server designed to encapsulate both audio and video applications (better explained in the other comment), it can also be used as a drop in replacement for applications that normally use Why you should care about PulseAudio (and how to start doing it) The audio system options in Linux can be a bit confusing. Running PulseAudio applications. You might need this setting so JACK_PROMISCUOUS_SERVER is defined when pulseaudio is started. PulseAudio - a software proxy providing additional featues (mixing, equalizer) between your application You can set the latency in pipewire with an environment variable called "PIPEWIRE_LATENCY". (Actually, provision of "--system . Jack worked with a overall roundtrip latency of 6ms measured with jack_iodelay. linux - ALSA vs PulseAudio - Latency Concerns Transmission Audio Sans Fil Jack. More specifically, I go over the point of sound hardware, kernel driv For the use you want to do, a very low latency is not a requirement, which imply you can go with a jack setup that give You no xruns. Hubert Dreyfus Merleau Ponty Audio. This should also make it possible for people that used PulseAudio and jackdbus to migrate to PipeWire. pulseaudio. pulseaudio-alsa is just a It makes using JACK audio so easy, that it was literaly faster and easier for me to configure my audio using JACK, than with PulseAudio. flat volumes). Desktop apps, games used pulseaudio and music software like Ardour and ToanLib-GFX used jack. This gave rise to sound servers, of which many have existed. ALSA: Kernel: ALSA -> dmix -> Userland: app1, app2, app3; With just pure ALSA, you need dmix to mix multiple apps. Refer to PulseAudio#Configuration on how to update these configurations Re: [SOLVED] How to approach sound installation (jack2 vs pulseaudio)? Damn, I missed it because I have pipewire-jack instead of jack2. For fast answer scroll directly to chapter Positive effect on latency as bellow is some leading Jack, PulseAudio and Reaper DAW 16 July, 2020 In this article I want to show up how you can make Reaper going on Linux with audio, This gives a latency of about 10 msec for me. Pulseaudio and latency If you are a Linux enthusiast and are playing fps games or record audio of some musical instrument then you have probably encountered issues with Pulseaudio latency. Pulse viszon sokkal jobb egy végfelhasználónak. PipeWire is a server and user space API to deal with multimedia pipelines. tramp Established Member Posts: 2483 Joined: Mon Jul 01, 2013 8:13 am Has thanked you need a layer around ALSA. You should try pipewire's jack API. Kernel layer However you do it, I set the real-time priority to 80 in the configuration90 is the highest priority. Check if you have previous settings in ~/. Jack (which is awesome, btw) doesn't enter on the discussion, as I see it aiming more features for professional software (like low latency, input/output redirection), that most people won't use on daily basis. This blog post describes how to live with and manage Pulseaudio latency problems. 5. PulseAudio – The Audio Swiss Army Knife. What this does is force the PulseAudio system to resynchronize the audio being sent to your headset/speakers by switching profiles from ad2p -> hsp -> a2dp, thus hopefully getting rid of any latency. jack qui sera lancé par les appli pros. Both a PulseAudio sink and a source are available. When you think audio on Linux, PulseAudio is probably among the first things you think of. There are more than 10 alternatives to JACK Audio Choices include JACK, NAS, Pulseaudio and more. If more, or different, inputs and outputs are needed, use a different audio interface. Pipewire; The newest abstraction layer, Pipewire integrates seamlessly with both Pulseaudio and Jack. 8. However, I'd still likely want to have PulseAudio as some programs may be incompatible with JACK. Hi everyone, I recently took a dive into real-time noise suppression capabilities on Fedora which can sometimes be really handy for video conferencing. It aims to offer capture and playback for both audio and video with minimal latency and support for PulseAudio, JACK, ALSA and GStreamer-based applications. Last edited by freakcode (2008-08-10 18:24:13) Restart pulseaudio by killing the process using pulseaudio -k. PipeWire 在功能集游戏中获胜，这就是它比 PulseAudio 更受青睐的原因。 那么，有哪些因素让它脱颖而出呢？他们来了： 旨在取代 PulseAudio 和 JACK 的统一解决方案，为基础用户和专业用户提供解决方案. 11. Multi-Seat Setups. Since the eventual destination is always ALSA, there will always be latency from ALSA. JACK is widely available on desktop operating systems and prides itself on its low latency. I assume this will work on every distro that uses Pulse Audio. PulseAudio is targeted more at general desktop (where less strict needs apply). A new zero-latency jackdbus bridge was added. As you can see, their availability changes to unknown, while the active port remains the same. 6 PipeWire alternatives. So pipewire will run on top of puleaudio or alsa, or jack, or any other ‘software Subject: Re: [Portaudio] PulseAudio vs PortAudio On Wed, Jun 1, 2011 at 8:19 PM, Richard Ash <richardashaudacity at googlemail. JACK offers low-latency pro-audio handling but can conflict with PulseAudio. The daemon based on the framework can be configured to be both an audio server (with PulseAudio and JACK features) and a video capture server. The pulseaudio API requires samples to be buffered and that will add latency. I personally am looking to android to make a move towards low latency audio which the Linux desktop can transition to. Remember, JACK is designed for studio quality work, not for ease of use. Troubleshooting complex In order to be able to work as a daily driver distribution, Studio Controls automatically create a bridge between JACK and PulseAudio. JACK: there's no latency difference at all. And I do think it would be possible to write something that took the best from PulseAudio, JACK, and AudioFlinger, and get something that would work well for both mobile and desktop; for pro-audio, gaming, low-power music But that's rather irrelevant. Running pacmd list-sinks now gives me: [kranko@KrankoMachine ~]$ pacmd list-sinks | grep 'latency: [1-9]' current latency: 10,87 ms fixed latency: 10,16 ms. conf. PulseAudio used to be the default for desktop mixing but can introduce latency. jack and pipewire don't add latency. The key thing is: nuke PulseAudio immediately upon setup and settle on ALSA+Jack. Low latency audio is one of the areas android is miles behind Apple's IOS handsets and it makes sense for android to improve their audio stack in order to Pipewire is the replacement for JACK and PulseAudio, Pipewire allows low latency compared to any pulseaudio tweaks: Here is a short list of what you should do to get the lowest latency in Osu! Higher audio rate equals less latency always, unless you increase your quantum: To remedy this, PulseAudio supports an advanced system of monitoring the current latency. These values override any system-wide defaults enabling unexpected behavior (e. 7ms. Its goal is to provide a single audio daemon that can serve both consumer applications (where power consumption is typically most important) and pro applications (where latency is most important). 从一开始，PipeWire 的开发者就利用了一套来自当前音频守护进程的经验，包括了 JACK、PulseAudio 和 Chromium OS 音频服务器（CRAS）。与 PulseAudio 的有意将 Linux 音频环境分为消费级与专业实时音频不同，PipeWire 从一开始就被设计成可以同时处理两种音频。 The fragmant settings in OP (2mS * 5 =10mS) are too optimistic, so PulseAudio would just ignore it. Typical PulseAudio-powered sound systems, like Ubuntu: Kernel: ALSA -> Userland: PulseAudio -> app1, app2, app3; In the typical Linux system, PulseAudio mixes audio from all your different apps and feeds them up the chain to ALSA. If you don't need Alsa MIDI, you can disable that too. The most common way The most common solution presented around here is to load the module-jack-sink into PulseAudio vs. JACK is better if you want the output of ardour to feed the input of hydrogen and the output of qsynth to feed the input of ardour and so on, plus it has lower latency (and it tells Low latency: Comparable to JACK, essential for real-time audio tasks. QEMU's JACK backend provides the best audio quality out of all the available options (Scream, PulseAudio, etc. g. If there is little or no latency *still* why would I use JACK? Top. PulseAudio is NOT a driver, nor does it talk to your drivers. JACK is designed for real-time/low-latency response, which is required by professional-level audio solutions. adjust-latency Type Boolean (int) Values 0, 1 Default 1 (TRUE) If TRUE initializes the maximum length of the audio buffer to the highest supported value and increases the latency dynamically if PulseAudio suggests so. 0 of pipewire, it became really good. There is a very tiny decrease in CPU load from using ALSA directly (no context switching between the JACK server and clients). Yu Gi Oh Bg Audio Ep 13. The API can be used through either JACK1 or JACK2' and is a popular Audio Router in the system & hardware category. How to port my PulseAudio configs to Pipewire. Use the environment variable PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC to suggest a latency in milliseconds. ALSA passthrough latency. I have seen a few comments here lately saying that the devs recommend using ALSA instead of JACK. For example, you cannot set exclusive mode or shared mode for device access, which is a shame because it effectively steals 7ms of less latency from you -- especially if you capture microphone input (where usually no shared access is necessary) under Windows 10. PulseAudio beherrscht kein MIDI und kann auch nicht als Recording-Schnittstelle genutzt werden. This will give you a pa_timing_info structure that contains everything that is known about the server side buffer transport delays and the backend active in the server. Linux how to record sound in RAM buffer and playback audio with custom delay. pulseaudio pour les taches courantes. These days, most general-purpose Linux distros rely on PulseAudio to provide a smoother audio experience for desktops and laptops. PipeWire is described as 'Project that aims to greatly improve handling of audio and video under Linux. M-Audio Evolution. I think the problem is something inside pipewire. 7. So both pipewire-pulse and pipewire-jack can replace Pulseaudio for sound and these are just APIs for Pulseaudio and Jack respectively but use Pipewire under the hood? As for Jack, it's deemed for "pro audio" and has low-latency so would that be preferable for someone using a DAC and a Sennheiser HD 6XX? JACK (JACK Audio Connection Kit, a recursive acronym like GNU) is a sound server focused primarily on low latency. Given the recent uptake in video and audio calls, this might PipeWire 是一个新的底层多媒体框架。 它旨在以 最小的延迟 为音频和视频提供捕获和播放，并支持 PulseAudio、JACK、ALSA 和 基于 GStreamer 的应用程序。基于该框架的守护进程可以配置为音频服务器 (具有 PulseAudio 和 JACK 特性) 和视频捕获服务器。PipeWire 还支持像 Flatpak 这样的容器，不依赖于 audio 和 video There are many alternatives to VB-Audio VoiceMeeter for Windows if you are looking for a replacement. It provides a low-latency, graph based processing engine on top of audio and video devices that can be used to support the use cases currently handled by both PulseAudio and JACK' and is a software framework in the system & hardware category. Bien maintenant j'attends un Jack qui soit capable de remplacer PulseAudio. C'est complètement con, j'attendais un PulseAudio qui soit capable de remplacer Jack. It provides a low-latency, graph based processing engine on top of audio and video devices that can be used to support the use cases currently handled by both pulseaudio and JACK. I tested with buffer size of 256 and rate of 48000. Free • Open Source; Application . In my case, I found that jack detection seems to be working at the ALSA / kernel level. PipeWire provides a pulseaudio replacement server, an ALSA plugin and a JACK replacement client library. 1 Channel Audio Cable. Using Ubuntu for over a year now and i'm beginning to wonder, why is pulseaudio used over alsa? alsa has better latency and better sound and whenever i can, i tell my apps to use alsa. amixer -c0 contents outputs the following when nothing is plugged in: PipeWire aims to improve audio and video processing on Linux by providing a low-latency, graph-based processing engine that handles audio and video devices managed by both PulseAudio and JACK. 更好地支持低延迟. Understanding the Stack. I reinstalled pulseaudio, jack, alsa and pipewire (through Synaptic) and all is working fine, but The latency. PipeWire was designed with a powerful security model that makes interacting with audio and video devices Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. To get the raw data needed to calculate latencies, call pa_stream_get_timing_info() . We now Yes, all applications that use the PulseAudio, ALSA and JACK APIs will work with PipeWire. Multiprocess architecture to let applications share multimedia content. Also, I haven't really looked over your script, but when I used pulseaudio, I was able to get low latency quite simply by modifying the pulseaudio global config to use timer based scheduling and setting the period size and periods per buffer to the smallest size I could get away with. Also, I would imagine (at least theoretically) ALSA could potentially be lower, since Pipewire resides on top of ALSA. Pulseaudio vs ALSA by and large pulseaudio works though some games aren't keen on it Adv Reply . Pure ALSA would be lower latency, but doesn't do audio processing/effects/upmixing/etc. The best free Windows alternative is JACK Audio Connection Kit, which is also Open Source. Mp3 Audiobook Joiner. Developed in 2004, PulseAudio acts as an enhancement layer that adds helpful features on top of the base ALSA sound system. 'jack' is a dependency of ffmpeg, and it's provided by both of the above packages; ffmpeg in turn is a dependency of Firefox, and that's why it's pulled during installation. If you just use a single, monolithic DAW, were you only use A professional alternative to PulseAudio is the JACK audio server, with more options to interact with our sound hardware and a better low latency support. ). PIPEWIRE_LATENCY=128/48000 jack_simple_client Requests the jack_simple_client to run with a buffer of 128 or less samples. jack ( turul16 | 2010. If you are doing professional audio work on Linux, you will already be very familiar with JACK. The process should automatically start itself. PipeWire was designed with a powerful security model that makes interacting with audio and video devices from containerized applications easy, with supporting Flatpak Tie it into complex JACK, Pipewire, etc workflows. The reason for an extra thread is that it’s not possible to add custom event sources to the JACK event loop, hence PulseAudio event loop can’t be embedded into it. PipeWire attempts to unify all of the above, acting as a replacement for JACK and PulseAudio. Why is that? I tried searching but came up empty. Free Audio Video Merger Download. Some of PulseAudio‘s highlighted capabilities Tip JACK is designed to work with only one active audio interface (sound card), because of technical reasons needed to guarantee audio quality, latency, and synchronization. This works similar to what PulseAudio has to offer and creates a sink/source when jackdbus is started. Fórumok. It aims to offer capture and playback for both audio and video with minimal latency and support for PulseAudio-, JACK-, ALSA- and GStreamer-based applications. The best open source Windows alternative is JACK Audio Connection Kit. Zip-Audio-Cd4w. JACK is designed for real-time/low-latency response, which is required by professional-level audio solutions. See Jack vs Pulseaudio -- how is it faster? for a short comparison. 3. The PortAudio Java bindings are oversimplified. 52 » Itselläni on vielä Reinot jalassa ja vahva etiäinen siitä ettei Jack'ia tarvita ennen kuin äänenkäsittelyn tarve siirtyy ammattimaisiin tarpeisiin. vpxh otqfme akvnq vae rytepyt rmho jvekdog rwn gasb cedff taathhf tkkjql rhhrphnc biviek rvfpcg